WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL (working or processing of wire B21F)

Description

B21D covers mechanical shaping and deformation of sheet metal, tubes, rods, and profiles through processes that do not involve material removal, including punching operations. Key processes include bending, folding, deep drawing, stretching, swaging, and flanging of metal workpieces. This classification encompasses both the machinery and methods used for these forming operations, as well as related tools and dies, excluding machining processes classified under B23 that involve chip removal.

29 direct subcodes

Child Classifications

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B21D 1/00 Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom (B21D3/00 takes precedence); Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling (working sheet metal of limited length by stretching B21D25/00; by localised hammering B21D31/06)
B21D 11/00 Bending not restricted to forms of material mentioned in only one of groups B21D5/00, B21D7/00, B21D9/00; Bending not provided for in groups B21D5/00 - B21D9/00 (corrugating or bending into wave form B21D13/00, B21D15/00; flanging B21D19/00); Twisting
B21D 13/00 Corrugating sheet metal, rods or profiles; Bending sheet metal, rods or profiles into wave form (tubes B21D15/00)
B21D 15/00 Corrugating tubes (wrinkle-bending using mandrels or the like B21D9/14)
B21D 17/00 Forming single grooves in sheet metal or tubular or hollow articles
B21D 19/00 Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes (connecting by making use of folds B21D39/00; flaring-out tube ends B21D41/02)
B21D 21/00 Combined processes according to methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D19/00
B21D 22/00 Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing (otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads B21D26/00)
B21D 24/00 Special deep-drawing arrangements in, or in connection with, presses
B21D 25/00 Working sheet metal of limited length by stretching, e.g. for straightening
B21D 26/00 Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces (stamping using resilient pads B21D22/10)
B21D 28/00 Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
B21D 3/00 Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts (straightening of well casings in situ E21B; )
B21D 31/00 Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles (deforming one surface of tubes helically by rolling B21H3/00; upsetting B21J5/08; working metal by removing material therefrom B23; embossing B44B)
B21D 33/00 Special measures in connection with working metal foils, e.g. gold foils (cutting or perforating of metal foil analogous to paper B26)
B21D 35/00 Combined processes according to methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00 (B21D21/00 takes precedence)
B21D 37/00 Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
B21D 39/00 Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating ( riveting B21J; uniting components by forging or pressing to form integral members B21K25/00; welding B23K; press-fitting, force-fitting, or shrinking in general B23P11/00, B21D19/00; by adhesives F16B11/00 ); Tube expanders
B21D 41/00 Application of procedures in order to alter the diameter of tube ends (B21D39/00 takes precedence )
B21D 43/00 Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices