MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES OR

Description

B31D covers the manufacture of paper and cardboard articles through processes and techniques not specifically classified in other B31 subclasses. This residual category encompasses specialized or novel paper-working methods, unconventional article shapes, and emerging technologies applied to cellulose-based or analogous fibrous materials. It serves as a catch-all for paper-related inventions that fall outside the defined scope of subclasses B31B (making articles of paper or cardboard by folding or bending), B31C (corrugated or laminated paper), and B31F (working of paper or material worked analogously to paper). Examiners use B31D for genuinely novel manufacturing approaches, hybrid processes, or articles that do not fit the more specific technical definitions of neighboring classifications.