using aqueous solutions

Full Title

Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals > using aqueous solutions

Child Classifications

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• C23C 22/06 using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
• C23C 22/60 using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
• C23C 22/68 using aqueous solutions with pH between 6 and 8