MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER

Description

B31 encompasses machinery, processes, and techniques for manufacturing finished articles and performing operations on paper, cardboard, and fibrous materials with paper-like properties. This includes converting raw or semi-finished paper stock into consumer products (bags, envelopes, boxes, containers), as well as mechanical and chemical working operations such as folding, cutting, embossing, and laminating. The classification covers both the equipment used (forming machines, cutting apparatus, finishing devices) and the procedural aspects of these manufacturing processes. Adjacent classifications address paper production itself (B31B–B31D cover specialized paper-making and converting), while B31 focuses broadly on the post-production conversion and finishing stages.

IPC and CPC are identically structured here. All 4 subcodes exist in both systems.

3 shared codes have differing titles between IPC and CPC.

Child Classifications

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B31B MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER (making wound articles, e.g. wound tubes, B31C; combined making and filling B65B) heading +10 CPC −8 IPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
B31C MAKING WOUND ARTICLES, e.g. WOUND TUBES, OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER heading IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
B31D MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C (manufacture by dry processes of articles made from particles or fibres consisting of wood or other lignocellulosic or like organic material B27N; making layered products not composed wholly of paper or cardboard B32B; making articles from cellulosic fibrous suspensions, e.g. wood pulp, D21J) heading +2 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
B31F MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER (making layered products not composed wholly of paper or cardboard B32B) heading +1 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC