B31F MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER (making layered products not composed wholly of paper or cardboard B32B)
Introduced: September 1968
Description
B31F covers mechanical processing operations that physically deform, shape, or transform paper, cardboard, and paper-like materials without substantially changing their chemical composition. This includes techniques such as corrugating, creasing, folding, embossing, perforating, and laminating, as well as cutting and edge treatment of sheet materials. The classification encompasses both the equipment and processes used in converting flat sheet or web materials into structured or decorative forms for packaging, printing, and other industrial applications. Adjacent classes handle chemical or pulping processes (B31B, B31C) and the final assembly or finishing of paper articles (B31D, B31G).
Title
Titles differ between systems:
IPC: MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
CPC: MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER (making layered products not composed wholly of paper or cardboard B32B)
Full Title
Full titles differ between systems:
MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER (making layered products not composed wholly of paper or cardboard B32B)
Of 4 combined children, 3 exist in both systems.
1 codes are CPC-only extensions.
Note: 1 CPC extensions are marked as secondary classification only.
Child Classifications
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- B31F 1/00 Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating +4 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- B31F 2201/00 Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material 2nd only +1 CPC CPC only CPC only
- B31F 5/00 Attaching together sheets, strips or webs; Reinforcing edges +5 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC