APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY;

Introduced: January 1980

Description

C12M covers equipment and apparatus specifically designed for enzymatic reactions, microbial cultivation, and related biochemical processes. This includes bioreactors, fermentation vessels, cell culture systems, and specialized laboratory apparatus for handling enzymes and microorganisms under controlled conditions. The classification encompasses apparatus for both research and industrial-scale applications, spanning sterile handling equipment, incubation chambers, and monitoring/control systems integral to biochemical operations. Related apparatus for genetic engineering or mutation processes falls within this subclass when the focus is on the physical equipment rather than the methods themselves.

Title

Titles differ between systems:

IPC: APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY

CPC: APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY;

Full Title

Full titles differ between systems:

IPC:

APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY

CPC:

APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY;

Additional Content IPC

Glossary

Enzyme enzymes Proteinaceous material which causes a chemical change in a starting material without being consumed in the reaction Microorganism microorganisms Comprises single-celled organisms such as bacteria, actinomycetales or single-celled fungi, e.g. yeasts; for the purposes of classification, this term also includes viruses, undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae.

Limiting references

Installations for fermenting manure Preservation of living parts of humans or animals Brewing apparatus Producing methane by anaerobic treatment of sludge Fermentation apparatus for wine Apparatus for preparing vinegar

CPC subdivides this area 9x more granularly than IPC with 15 additional codes.

15 codes are CPC-only extensions.

IPC defines codes here since 1980.

Child Classifications

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C12M 1/00 Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology since 1980 +3 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
C12M 21/00 +9 CPC CPC only CPC only
C12M 23/00 +21 CPC CPC only CPC only
C12M 25/00 +6 CPC CPC only CPC only
C12M 27/00 +5 CPC CPC only CPC only
C12M 29/00 +11 CPC CPC only CPC only
C12M 3/00 Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus since 1980 +2 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
C12M 31/00 +4 CPC CPC only CPC only
C12M 33/00 +10 CPC CPC only CPC only
C12M 35/00 +4 CPC CPC only CPC only
C12M 37/00 +3 CPC CPC only CPC only
C12M 39/00 CPC only CPC only
C12M 41/00 +11 CPC CPC only CPC only
C12M 43/00 +4 CPC CPC only CPC only
C12M 45/00 +9 CPC CPC only CPC only
C12M 47/00 +10 CPC CPC only CPC only
C12M 99/00 +1 CPC CPC only CPC only

Top Applicants

Top Applicants (IPC)

Class C12,2013–2023, worldwide · Source: EPO PATSTAT

CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 10,330
HARVARD UNIVERSITY US 7,308
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA US 6,383
JIANGNAN UNIVERSITY 5,144
MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY US 4,121
PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL US 3,630
REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS US 3,515
CNRS (CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE) FR 3,499
INSERM (INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE) FR 3,371
CJ CHEILJEDANG CORPORATION KR 3,361

Top Applicants (CPC)

Class C12,2013–2023, worldwide · Source: EPO PATSTAT

HARVARD UNIVERSITY US 8,321
CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 7,486
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA US 7,320
REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS US 5,003
INSERM (INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE) FR 4,292
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA US 4,213
CNRS (CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE) FR 4,113
JIANGNAN UNIVERSITY 3,961
ROCHE CH 3,792
ILLUMINA US 3,692