C12 BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
Description
C12 covers biochemical processes and biotechnological applications, including fermentation-based production of beverages (beer, spirits, wine, vinegar), microbial cultivation and microbiology, enzyme technology, and genetic modification techniques. The class encompasses both traditional fermentation industries and modern biotechnology involving microorganisms, enzyme catalysis, and DNA manipulation for industrial and research purposes. This classification excludes purely chemical synthesis processes (covered under C07) and focuses on biological systems and living organism-based transformations.
Of 12 combined children, 11 exist in both systems.
1 codes are CPC-only extensions.
9 shared codes have differing titles between IPC and CPC.
Child Classifications
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- C12C BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION (ageing or ripening by storing C12H1/22; methods for reducing the alcohol content after fermentation C12H3/00; methods for increasing the alcohol content after fermentation C12H6/00; venting devices for casks, barrels or the like C12L9/00); PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER heading +2 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- C12F RECOVERY OF BY-PRODUCTS OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS (removal of yeast from wine or sparkling wine C12G1/08); DENATURED ALCOHOL; PREPARATION THEREOF heading IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- C12G WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (beer C12C); PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H heading +1 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- C12H PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (simulation ageing by flavouring C12G3/06) heading IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- C12L PITCHING OR DEPITCHING MACHINES; CELLAR TOOLS (cleaning of casks B08B9/00) heading IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- C12M APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; heading since 1980 +15 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- C12N MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA (microbiological testing media C12Q1/00) heading since 1980 +43 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- C12P FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE heading since 1980 +2 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- C12Q MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS (immunoassay G01N33/53); COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES heading since 1980 +26 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- C12R INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS heading since 1980 +1 CPC −1 IPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC