C10B DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
Introduced: September 1968
Last revised: January 1990
Classification Context
- Section:
- CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- Class:
- PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- Subclass:
- DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
Description
C10B covers the thermal decomposition of carbonaceous materials (coal, wood, oil shale, lignite, and similar substances) in the absence of air to produce coke, coal tar, coal gas, and other by-products. This class encompasses apparatus, processes, and control methods for dry distillation, including retort design, heating systems, gas recovery, and condensation of volatile products. It excludes petroleum refining and cracking processes (C10G) as well as the purification of gases already produced (C10L), focusing instead on the primary destructive distillation step itself.
Scope Notes
Glossary: Destructive distillation The process of pyrolysis conducted in a distillation apparatus to allow the volatile products to be collected. An example is tar making from pinewood slices (which are rich in terpenes), which are heated in an airless container causing the material to decompose, leaving charcoal and turpentine as by-products. Coke A solid, high in carbon content, and structurally in the non-graphitic state, derived from the pyrolysis of organic material (especially low-ash, low-sulphur bituminous coal) which has passed, at least in part, through a liquid or liquid-crystalline state during the carbonization process. The volatile constituents of the coal (including water, coal gas and coal-tar) are driven off by baking in an airless oven at temperatures as high as 2000 degrees C. Coking The transformation of coal or heavy oil into coke. Carbonisation The conversion of an organic substance into carbon or a carbon-containing residue through pyrolysis or destructive distillation. Pyrolysis The chemical decomposition of organic materials by heating in the absence of oxygen or any other reagents, except possibly steam. | Limiting references: Cracking oils Underground gasification of minerals | Application references: Recovery or working-up of waste materials of organic macromolecular compounds or compositions based thereon by dry heat-treatment to obtain partially depolymerised materials Working up tar, pitch, asphalt or bitumen by techniques including distillation and/or heat-treatment; production of pyroligneous acid Wet carbonising of peat
Related Keywords
29 direct subcodes
Child Classifications
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- C10B 1/00 Retorts
- C10B 11/00 Coke ovens with inclined chambers
- C10B 13/00 Coke ovens with means for bringing and keeping the charge under mechanical pressure
- C10B 15/00 Other coke ovens
- C10B 17/00 Preheating of coke ovens
- C10B 19/00 Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
- C10B 21/00 Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases
- C10B 23/00 Other methods of heating coke ovens
- C10B 25/00 Doors or closures for coke ovens
- C10B 27/00 Arrangements for withdrawal of the distillation gases
- C10B 29/00 Other details of coke ovens
- C10B 3/00 Coke ovens with vertical chambers
- C10B 31/00 Charging devices for coke ovens
- C10B 33/00 Discharging devices for coke ovens; Coke guides
- C10B 35/00 Combined charging and discharging devices for coke ovens
- C10B 37/00 Mechanical treatments of coal charges in the oven
- C10B 39/00 Cooling or quenching coke
- C10B 41/00 Safety devices, e.g. signalling or controlling devices for use in the discharge of coke
- C10B 43/00 Preventing or removing incrustations
- C10B 45/00 Other details