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IPC Subclass
C10B

DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS

Introduced: September 1968

Last revised: January 1990

Classification Context

Section:
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
Class:
PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
Subclass:
DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS

Description

C10B covers the thermal decomposition of carbonaceous materials (coal, wood, oil shale, lignite, and similar substances) in the absence of air to produce coke, coal tar, coal gas, and other by-products. This class encompasses apparatus, processes, and control methods for dry distillation, including retort design, heating systems, gas recovery, and condensation of volatile products. It excludes petroleum refining and cracking processes (C10G) as well as the purification of gases already produced (C10L), focusing instead on the primary destructive distillation step itself.

Scope Notes

Glossary: Destructive distillation The process of pyrolysis conducted in a distillation apparatus to allow the volatile products to be collected. An example is tar making from pinewood slices (which are rich in terpenes), which are heated in an airless container causing the material to decompose, leaving charcoal and turpentine as by-products. Coke A solid, high in carbon content, and structurally in the non-graphitic state, derived from the pyrolysis of organic material (especially low-ash, low-sulphur bituminous coal) which has passed, at least in part, through a liquid or liquid-crystalline state during the carbonization process. The volatile constituents of the coal (including water, coal gas and coal-tar) are driven off by baking in an airless oven at temperatures as high as 2000 degrees C. Coking The transformation of coal or heavy oil into coke. Carbonisation The conversion of an organic substance into carbon or a carbon-containing residue through pyrolysis or destructive distillation. Pyrolysis The chemical decomposition of organic materials by heating in the absence of oxygen or any other reagents, except possibly steam. | Limiting references: Cracking oils Underground gasification of minerals | Application references: Recovery or working-up of waste materials of organic macromolecular compounds or compositions based thereon by dry heat-treatment to obtain partially depolymerised materials Working up tar, pitch, asphalt or bitumen by techniques including distillation and/or heat-treatment; production of pyroligneous acid Wet carbonising of peat

Related Keywords

CARBON; inorganic compounds of CARBONCARBONISATION of coalCOAL gasCOAL tardestructive distillation of COALCOKE ovensdestructive DISTILLATION of carbonaceous material, e.g. coalcoke OVENS

29 direct subcodes

Child Classifications

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  • C10B 11/00 Coke ovens with inclined chambers
  • C10B 13/00 Coke ovens with means for bringing and keeping the charge under mechanical pressure
  • C10B 17/00 Preheating of coke ovens
  • C10B 19/00 Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
  • C10B 23/00 Other methods of heating coke ovens
  • C10B 35/00 Combined charging and discharging devices for coke ovens