C10G CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
Introduced: September 1968
Last revised: January 1995
Classification Context
- Section:
- CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- Class:
- PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- Subclass:
- CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
Description
C10G encompasses processes for converting and refining crude hydrocarbon feedstocks into usable liquid and solid products through thermal, catalytic, and chemical transformation methods. This includes cracking operations (thermal and catalytic), hydrogenation processes for destructive or non-destructive conversion, oligomerisation and polymerisation of lighter hydrocarbons, and recovery techniques for hydrocarbons from unconventional sources such as oil-shale, oil-sand, and associated gases. The subclass also covers refining and purification of hydrocarbon mixtures and naphtha reforming for octane enhancement, as well as production and refining of mineral waxes derived from petroleum. Related processing of lubricants and specialty hydrocarbon products fall under adjacent subclasses within C10.
Additional Content
Glossary
Cracking Cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as heavy hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules (e.g. light hydrocarbons) by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors. The rate of cracking and the end products are strongly dependent on the temperature and presence of any catalysts. Refining Refining is the process of purification of a substance. The term is usually used of a natural resource that is almost in a usable form, but which is more useful in a purer form. For instance, most types of natural petroleum will burn straight from the ground, but they will burn poorly and quickly clog an engine with residues and byproducts. The term "refining" is broad and may include more drastic transformations. The refining of liquids is often accomplished by distillation or fractionation. Reforming (catalytic) Thermal or catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert naphtha boiling range feedstocks, typically having low octane ratings, into high-octane liquid products called reformates which are components of high-octane gasoline (also known as petrol). The process represents the total effect of numerous simultaneous reactions, such as dehydrogenation, isomerisation, cracking and polymerisation.
Limiting references
Mechanical winning of oil from oil-shale, oil-sand or the like Cracking mainly to hydrogen or synthesis gas Preparation of individual hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof of definite or specified constitution, including by cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases Compositions essentially based on waxes Chemical modification of drying-oils by voltolising Cracking to produce cokes
Related Keywords
37 direct subcodes
Child Classifications
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- C10G 1/00 Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G 11/00 Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G 15/00 Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs
- C10G 17/00 Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds, or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
- C10G 19/00 Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment
- C10G 2/00 Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G 21/00 Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
- C10G 25/00 Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G 27/00 Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation
- C10G 29/00 Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
- C10G 3/00 Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G 31/00 Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for
- C10G 32/00 Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms
- C10G 33/00 De-watering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G 35/00 Reforming naphtha
- C10G 45/00 Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G 47/00 Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G 49/00 Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or
- C10G 5/00 Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas
- C10G 50/00 Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
Top Applicants
Top 10 applicants by patent filingsfor class C10, 2013–2023, worldwide · Source: EPO PATSTAT
- SINOPEC (CHINA PETROCHEMICAL CORPORATION) 8,875
- SAUDI ARABIAN OIL COMPANY SA 2,245
- PETROCHINA COMPANY 2,028
- EXXONMOBIL RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY US 1,980
- IFPEN (IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES) FR 1,963
- SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ NL 1,878
- CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1,829
- UNIVERSAL OIL PRODUCTS COMPANY (UOP) US 1,787
- LUBRIZOL CORPORATION US 1,277
- BASF (BADISCHE ANILIN & SODA FABRIK) DE 1,268