FURNACES; KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS

Description

F27 encompasses equipment designed for high-temperature processing of materials through controlled heating in enclosed chambers, including furnaces, kilns, ovens, and retorts used across metallurgical, ceramic, chemical, and thermal processing industries. The classification covers structural designs, heating mechanisms, temperature control systems, and operational configurations for batch and continuous heating operations. It addresses both the physical construction of heating vessels and the engineering of heat distribution, insulation, and material handling within such apparatus. Related thermal processing equipment using different technological approaches or serving specialized purposes may be classified in adjacent sections of mechanical engineering or chemical engineering.