Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks

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Active monitoring Observing the network by actively, adding, marking or injecting data into the network to provide monitoring results with very limited or negligible impact on the monitored network or traffic. Monitoring Monitoring comprising passive and active monitoring. Passive monitoring Observing the network by measuring passing traffic or setting counters, probes or analysers at different points in the network without impacting the network traffic, e.g. traffic mirroring to a sniffer. Quality of service Quality measurement or description of the performance of a service, the quality measurement relating to specific network parameters of the network packets related to the service which describe the treatment experienced by the packets while passing through the network, e.g. packet loss, bit errors, bit rate, throughput, goodput, delay, availability or jitter. Testing Observing the network by adding or injecting data into the network to provide test results with considerable impact on the network or traffic.