ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS

Introduced: September 1968

Description

C23D encompasses the application of vitreous (glass-like) coatings to metallic surfaces through enamelling processes. This subclass covers the chemical composition of enamel materials, application techniques, firing methods, and surface preparation procedures specific to creating durable ceramic coatings on metals such as steel, copper, and aluminum. The classification includes ground coat formulations, cover coat systems, and specialized enamels for functional applications (e.g., cookware, sanitaryware, industrial equipment). C23D excludes other metallic coatings and non-vitreous surface treatments, which fall under different C23 divisions.

IPC and CPC are identically structured here. All 9 subcodes exist in both systems.

1 shared codes have differing titles between IPC and CPC.

Child Classifications

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C23D 1/00 Melting or fritting the enamels; Apparatus or furnaces therefor IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
C23D 11/00 Continuous processes; Apparatus therefor IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
C23D 13/00 After-treatment of the enamelled articles IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
C23D 15/00 Joining enamelled articles to other enamelled articles by processes involving an enamelling step IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
C23D 17/00 De-enamelling IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
C23D 3/00 Chemical treatment of the metal surfaces prior to coating IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
C23D 5/00 Coating with enamels or vitreous layers +2 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
C23D 7/00 Treating the coatings, e.g. drying before burning IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
C23D 9/00 Ovens specially adapted for firing enamels IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC