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IPC Subclass
C23D

ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS

Introduced: September 1968

Classification Context

Section:
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
Class:
COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
Subclass:
ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS

Description

C23D encompasses the application of vitreous (glass-like) coatings to metallic surfaces through enamelling processes. This subclass covers the chemical composition of enamel materials, application techniques, firing methods, and surface preparation procedures specific to creating durable ceramic coatings on metals such as steel, copper, and aluminum. The classification includes ground coat formulations, cover coat systems, and specialized enamels for functional applications (e.g., cookware, sanitaryware, industrial equipment). C23D excludes other metallic coatings and non-vitreous surface treatments, which fall under different C23 divisions.

Related Keywords

COATING metal with vitreous enamelenamelling or de-enamelling of metalJOINING wires to wires or other metal products with ceramic or vitreous materialcoating of METAL(S)de-enamelling of METAL(S)

9 direct subcodes

Child Classifications

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  • C23D 11/00 Continuous processes for firing enamels; Apparatus therefor
  • C23D 15/00 Joining enamelled articles to other enamelled articles by processes involving an enamelling step
  • C23D 17/00 De-enamelling
  • C23D 3/00 Chemical treatment of the metal surfaces prior to coating
  • C23D 7/00 Treating the coatings, e.g. drying before burning