C23D ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
Description
C23D encompasses the application of vitreous (glass-like) coatings to metallic surfaces through enamelling processes. This subclass covers the chemical composition of enamel materials, application techniques, firing methods, and surface preparation procedures specific to creating durable ceramic coatings on metals such as steel, copper, and aluminum. The classification includes ground coat formulations, cover coat systems, and specialized enamels for functional applications (e.g., cookware, sanitaryware, industrial equipment). C23D excludes other metallic coatings and non-vitreous surface treatments, which fall under different C23 divisions.
9 direct subcodes
Child Classifications
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- C23D 1/00 Melting or fritting the enamels; Apparatus or furnaces therefor
- C23D 11/00 Continuous processes; Apparatus therefor
- C23D 13/00 After-treatment of the enamelled articles
- C23D 15/00 Joining enamelled articles to other enamelled articles by processes involving an enamelling step
- C23D 17/00 De-enamelling
- C23D 3/00 Chemical treatment of the metal surfaces prior to coating
- C23D 5/00 Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
- C23D 7/00 Treating the coatings, e.g. drying before burning
- C23D 9/00 Ovens specially adapted for firing enamels
Top Applicants
Top 10 applicants by patent filingsfor class C23, 2013–2023, worldwide · Source: EPO PATSTAT
- APPLIED MATERIALS US 10,596
- TOKYO ELECTRON JP 5,229
- LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION US 3,622
- NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION JP 3,171
- JFE STEEL JP 3,128
- ASM IP HOLDING NL 2,722
- ARCELORMITTAL LU 2,481
- TOKYO ELECTRON 2,359
- APPLIED MATERIALS 2,284
- CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 2,110