Section E: Fixed Constructions

~3,974,406

Applications (2013–2023)

PATSTAT worldwide

Classes

Subclasses

356

Main Groups

3,485

IPC

9,270

CPC

Description

Section E covers the design, construction, and assembly of fixed structures and buildings. This includes structural engineering, building materials, construction methods, and the technical systems integral to constructed works such as foundations, walls, roofs, floors, doors, windows, and associated installations. The section encompasses both civil engineering structures (bridges, tunnels, dams) and architectural building systems, as well as the mechanical, electrical, and utility systems embedded within fixed constructions. It excludes movable machinery, furniture, and portable equipment unless they are specifically designed as permanent or semi-permanent components of a building or infrastructure work.

Visualizations

Size of each class by number of subgroups

Classes in section E by descendant count
Class	Title	Descendants
E01	CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES	1,049
E02	HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING	973
E03	WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE	427
E04	BUILDING	2,577
E05	LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES	2,212
E06	DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS	873
E21	EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING	1,244
E99	SUBJECT MATTER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR IN THIS SECTION	2

IPC and CPC are identically structured here. All 8 subcodes exist in both systems.

2 shared codes have differing titles between IPC and CPC.

Child Classifications

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E01 CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES heading IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
E02 HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING heading IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
E03 WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE heading IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
E04 BUILDING heading IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
E05 LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES heading +1 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
E06 DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS heading IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
E21 EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING heading IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
E99 SUBJECT MATTER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR IN THIS SECTION heading IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC

Top Applicants

Top Applicants (IPC)

Section E,2013–2023, worldwide · Source: EPO PATSTAT

HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES GROUP US 26,607
PETROCHINA COMPANY 14,382
SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY US 10,148
SINOPEC (CHINA PETROCHEMICAL CORPORATION) 10,137
CHINA CONSTRUCTION EIGHTH ENGINEERING DIVISION 8,749
SGCC(STATE GRID CORPORATION OF CHINA) 7,944
CNPC (CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION) 6,517
BAKER HUGHES US 6,269
SAUDI ARABIAN OIL COMPANY SA 5,880
KOMATSU JP 5,324

Top Applicants (CPC)

Section E,2013–2023, worldwide · Source: EPO PATSTAT

HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES GROUP US 27,652
SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY US 10,406
SAUDI ARABIAN OIL COMPANY SA 7,755
PETROCHINA COMPANY 7,025
BAKER HUGHES US 6,589
KOMATSU JP 5,728
SINOPEC (CHINA PETROCHEMICAL CORPORATION) 4,443
CNPC (CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION) 3,991
HITACHI CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY COMPANY JP 3,655
CATERPILLAR US 3,490