B21J FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES (rolling of metal B21B; making particular products by forging or pressing B21K; cladding or plating B23K; finishing surfaces by hammering B23P9/04; compacting surfaces by blasting with particulate material B24C1/10; general features of presses, presses for consolidating scrap B30B; furnaces in general F27)
Introduced: September 1968
Description
B21J covers mechanical metal-working processes that shape metal through deformation without material removal, including forging, hammering, pressing, and riveting operations. This classification encompasses the machinery, tools, and furnaces used in these processes, such as forging presses, hammers, dies, and the heating equipment necessary for hot-working metals. It applies to both manual and automated systems for cold and hot forming of metals into desired shapes, as well as the assembly of metal components through riveting. Adjacent classifications B21B (rolling) and B21D (sheet-metal working) address rolling and shearing/bending processes respectively, distinguishing them from the compressive deformation methods covered here.
Title
Titles differ between systems:
IPC: FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
CPC: FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES (rolling of metal B21B; making particular products by forging or pressing B21K; cladding or plating B23K; finishing surfaces by hammering B23P9/04; compacting surfaces by blasting with particulate material B24C1/10; general features of presses, presses for consolidating scrap B30B; furnaces in general F27)
Full Title
Full titles differ between systems:
FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES (rolling of metal B21B; making particular products by forging or pressing B21K; cladding or plating B23K; finishing surfaces by hammering B23P9/04; compacting surfaces by blasting with particulate material B24C1/10; general features of presses, presses for consolidating scrap B30B; furnaces in general F27)
IPC and CPC are identically structured here. All 10 subcodes exist in both systems.
5 shared codes have differing titles between IPC and CPC.
Child Classifications
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- B21J 11/00 Forging hammers combined with forging presses; Forging machines with provision for hammering and pressing IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- B21J 17/00 Forge furnaces (furnaces for heat treatment C21D9/00; furnaces in general F27) IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- B21J 3/00 Lubricating during forging or pressing (lubricating in general F16N) IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- B21J 5/00 Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing (for working sheet-metal or metal tubes, rods, or profiles B21D; for working wire B21F); Special equipment or accessories therefor +4 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- B21J 7/00 Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact (hand hammers B25D; electrical features in section H) IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
Top Applicants
Top Applicants (IPC)
Class B21,2013–2023, worldwide · Source: EPO PATSTAT
- JFE STEEL 2,318
- JFE STEEL JP 2,294
- POSCO (POHANG IRON AND STEEL COMPANY) KR 2,083
- NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION JP 1,650
- NSSMC (NIPPON STEEL & SUMITOMO METAL) JP 1,631
- SMS GROUP DE 1,472
- BAOSHAN IRON & STEEL COMPANY 1,181
- SGCC(STATE GRID CORPORATION OF CHINA) 1,079
- ANHUI JIANGHUAI AUTOMOBILE 984
- HYUNDAI STEEL COMPANY KR 980
Top Applicants (CPC)
Class B21,2013–2023, worldwide · Source: EPO PATSTAT
- JFE STEEL JP 2,667
- NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION JP 2,049
- POSCO (POHANG IRON AND STEEL COMPANY) KR 1,967
- NSSMC (NIPPON STEEL & SUMITOMO METAL) JP 1,800
- SMS GROUP DE 1,538
- JFE STEEL 1,150
- ARCELORMITTAL LU 1,142
- BAOSHAN IRON & STEEL COMPANY 821
- HYUNDAI STEEL COMPANY KR 808
- THYSSENKRUPP STEEL EUROPE DE 660