C12Q MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS (immunoassay G01N33/53); COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Introduced: January 1980
Description
C12Q encompasses analytical and diagnostic methods employing enzymes, nucleic acids, or microorganisms as measurement tools or substrates, including immunoassays, nucleic acid detection (PCR, sequencing), and enzymatic assays for clinical or research purposes. The subclass also covers test kits, reagent compositions, and diagnostic papers formulated for these assays, as well as automated control systems that monitor and regulate microbiological or enzymological processes based on real-time conditions. This classification includes technologies for pathogen identification, gene expression analysis, biomarker detection, and quality control in biotechnological manufacturing. C12Q excludes purely fermentation processes and bulk bioproduction (covered in C12N) and focuses instead on analytical quantification and process monitoring applications.
Title
Titles differ between systems:
IPC: MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
CPC: MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS (immunoassay G01N33/53); COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Full Title
Full titles differ between systems:
MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS (immunoassay G01N33/53); COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Additional Content IPC
Glossary
enzyme enzymes proteinaceous material which causes a chemical change in a starting material without being consumed in the reaction. involving when used in relation to a substance, includes the testing for the substance as well as employing the substance as a determinant or reactant in a test for a different substance. microorganism microorganisms single-celled organisms such as bacteria, actinomycetales or single-celled fungi, e.g. yeasts; for the purposes of classification, this term also includes viruses, undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae. nucleic acid nucleic acids comprises nucleic acids as in vitro compounds as well as sub-cellular parts in vivo like chromosome territories within the nucleus, plasmids, gene sequences, genetic information, mutations, polymorphisms such as SNPs, in silico base sequences, aptamers (ligand binding nucleic acids) and ribozymes (catalytic active RNA molecules).
Limiting references
Immunoassay Immunoassay with enzyme label Immunoassay with the carrier being a biological cell or cell fragment Immunoassay for microorganisms Immunoassay for venereal diseases Immunoassay for enzymes or isoenzymes Immunoassay for cancer Immunoassay for hepatitis
CPC subdivides this area 14x more granularly than IPC with 26 additional codes.
26 codes are CPC-only extensions.
Note: 26 CPC extensions are marked as secondary classification only.
2 shared codes have differing titles between IPC and CPC.
Child Classifications
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- C12Q 1/00 Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms (measuring or testing apparatus with condition measuring or sensing means, e.g. colony counters, C12M1/34); Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions since 1980 +3 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- C12Q 2326/00 Chromogens for determinations of oxidoreductase enzymes 2nd only +7 CPC CPC only CPC only
- C12Q 2334/00 O-linked chromogens for determinations of hydrolase enzymes, e.g. glycosidases, phosphatases, esterases 2nd only +6 CPC CPC only CPC only
- C12Q 2337/00 N-linked chromogens for determinations of peptidases and proteinases 2nd only +5 CPC CPC only CPC only
- C12Q 2522/00 Reaction characterised by the use of non-enzymatic proteins 2nd only +1 CPC CPC only CPC only
- C12Q 2523/00 Reactions characterised by treatment of reaction samples 2nd only +2 CPC CPC only CPC only
- C12Q 2525/00 Reactions involving modified oligonucleotides, nucleic acids, or nucleotides 2nd only +2 CPC CPC only CPC only
- C12Q 2533/00 Reactions characterised by the enzymatic reaction principle used 2nd only +1 CPC CPC only CPC only
- C12Q 2535/00 Reactions characterised by the assay type for determining the identity of a nucleotide base or a sequence of oligonucleotides 2nd only +10 CPC CPC only CPC only
- C12Q 2537/00 Reactions characterised by the reaction format or use of a specific feature 2nd only +1 CPC CPC only CPC only
- C12Q 2539/00 Reactions characterised by analysis of gene expression or genome comparison 2nd only +1 CPC CPC only CPC only
- C12Q 2543/00 Reactions characterised by the reaction site, e.g. cell or chromosome 2nd only +1 CPC CPC only CPC only
Top Applicants
Top Applicants (IPC)
Class C12,2013–2023, worldwide · Source: EPO PATSTAT
- CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 10,330
- HARVARD UNIVERSITY US 7,308
- UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA US 6,383
- JIANGNAN UNIVERSITY 5,144
- MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY US 4,121
- PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL US 3,630
- REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS US 3,515
- CNRS (CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE) FR 3,499
- INSERM (INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE) FR 3,371
- CJ CHEILJEDANG CORPORATION KR 3,361
Top Applicants (CPC)
Class C12,2013–2023, worldwide · Source: EPO PATSTAT
- HARVARD UNIVERSITY US 8,321
- CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 7,486
- UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA US 7,320
- REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS US 5,003
- INSERM (INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE) FR 4,292
- UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA US 4,213
- CNRS (CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE) FR 4,113
- JIANGNAN UNIVERSITY 3,961
- ROCHE CH 3,792
- ILLUMINA US 3,692