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DIFF Subclass Not Allocatable
C12R

INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS

Introduced: January 1980

Description

C12R is an indexing scheme that organizes microorganisms used in biochemical, fermentation, and biotechnological processes according to their taxonomic or functional characteristics. This classification facilitates cross-referencing of patent documents across other C12 subclasses (such as fermentation, enzyme production, and genetic engineering) by identifying the specific microorganism or microbial type involved. It serves as a supplementary classification tool rather than a standalone subject matter classification, enabling systematic retrieval of patents involving particular microorganisms in beer production, vinegar manufacturing, wine fermentation, enzyme engineering, and mutation/genetic modification contexts.

Title

Titles differ between systems:

IPC: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES , RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS

CPC: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS

Full Title

Full titles differ between systems:

IPC:

INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES , RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS

CPC:

INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS

Of 2 combined children, 0 exist in both systems.

1 codes are CPC-only extensions, 1 exist only in IPC.

Note: 1 CPC extensions are marked as secondary classification only.

IPC defines codes here since 1980.

Child Classifications

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Top Applicants

Top Applicants (IPC)

Class C12,2013–2023, worldwide · Source: EPO PATSTAT

  1. CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 10,330
  2. HARVARD UNIVERSITY US 7,308
  3. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA US 6,383
  4. JIANGNAN UNIVERSITY 5,144
  5. MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY US 4,121
  6. PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL US 3,630
  7. REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS US 3,515
  8. CNRS (CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE) FR 3,499
  9. INSERM (INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE) FR 3,371
  10. CJ CHEILJEDANG CORPORATION KR 3,361

Top Applicants (CPC)

Class C12,2013–2023, worldwide · Source: EPO PATSTAT

  1. HARVARD UNIVERSITY US 8,321
  2. CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 7,486
  3. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA US 7,320
  4. REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS US 5,003
  5. INSERM (INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE) FR 4,292
  6. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA US 4,213
  7. CNRS (CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE) FR 4,113
  8. JIANGNAN UNIVERSITY 3,961
  9. ROCHE CH 3,792
  10. ILLUMINA US 3,692