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IPC Class
C12

BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING

Classification Context

Section:
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
Class:
BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING

Description

C12 covers biochemical processes and biotechnological applications, including fermentation-based production of beverages (beer, spirits, wine, vinegar), microbial cultivation and microbiology, enzyme technology, and genetic modification techniques. The class encompasses both traditional fermentation industries and modern biotechnology involving microorganisms, enzyme catalysis, and DNA manipulation for industrial and research purposes. This classification excludes purely chemical synthesis processes (covered under C07) and focuses on biological systems and living organism-based transformations.

Filing statistics

IPC C12 recorded 1,434,985 patent applications worldwide between 2013 and 2023, summed across its 12 subclasses. Annual filings grew from 95,294 in 2013 to 151,603 in 2023 (+59%), peaking at 160,019 applications in 2022. The most active applicants in class C12 are CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (10,330 applications), HARVARD UNIVERSITY (7,308 applications) and UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA (6,383 applications).

Source: EPO PATSTAT, worldwide filings

Related Keywords

fermentation CHEMISTRY

11 direct subcodes

Child Classifications

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Top Applicants

Top 10 applicants by patent filings, 2013–2023, worldwide · Source: EPO PATSTAT

  1. CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 10,330
  2. HARVARD UNIVERSITY US 7,308
  3. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA US 6,383
  4. JIANGNAN UNIVERSITY 5,144
  5. MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY US 4,121
  6. PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL US 3,630
  7. REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS US 3,515
  8. CNRS (CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE) FR 3,499
  9. INSERM (INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE) FR 3,371
  10. CJ CHEILJEDANG CORPORATION KR 3,361