BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING

Classification Context

Section:: CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
Class:: BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING

Description

C12 covers biochemical processes and biotechnological applications, including fermentation-based production of beverages (beer, spirits, wine, vinegar), microbial cultivation and microbiology, enzyme technology, and genetic modification techniques. The class encompasses both traditional fermentation industries and modern biotechnology involving microorganisms, enzyme catalysis, and DNA manipulation for industrial and research purposes. This classification excludes purely chemical synthesis processes (covered under C07) and focuses on biological systems and living organism-based transformations.

Related Keywords

fermentation CHEMISTRY

11 direct subcodes

Child Classifications

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C12C BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
C12F RECOVERY OF BY-PRODUCTS OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS; DENATURED ALCOHOL; PREPARATION THEREOF
C12G WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES OR
C12H PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
C12J VINEGAR; PREPARATION OR PURIFICATION THEREOF
C12L PITCHING OR DEPITCHING MACHINES; CELLAR TOOLS
C12M APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY
C12N MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
C12P FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
C12Q MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
C12R INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES , RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS