F23 COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
Description
Class F23 encompasses mechanical systems and processes for controlled combustion of fuels, including furnaces, boilers, burners, and combustion chambers across industrial, domestic, and specialized applications. It covers fuel supply mechanisms, ignition systems, flame control, exhaust gas handling, and combustion efficiency optimization for solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. The class includes both stationary combustion apparatus (such as heating systems and power generation equipment) and associated combustion processes, but excludes internal combustion engines (F02), which are classified separately despite their reliance on combustion principles.
IPC and CPC are identically structured here. All 12 subcodes exist in both systems.
10 shared codes have differing titles between IPC and CPC.
Child Classifications
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- F23B METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL (for combustion of fuels that are solid at room temperatures, but burned in melted form, e.g. candle wax, C11C5/00, F23C, F23D; using solid fuel suspended in air F23C, F23D1/00; using solid fuel suspended in liquids F23C, F23D11/00; using solid fuel and fluent fuel simultaneously or alternately F23C, F23D17/00; burning of low grade fuel F23G; grates F23H; feeding solid fuel to combustion apparatus F23K; combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for F23M; domestic apparatus F24; central heating boilers F24D; package boilers F24H) heading +8 CPC −2 IPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- F23C METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN AIR (burners F23D) heading +8 CPC −1 IPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- F23G CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION heading +11 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- F23H GRATES (inlets for fluidisation air for fluidised bed combustion apparatus F23C10/20); CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES heading +2 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- F23J REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES (combustion apparatus for consuming smoke or fumes, e.g. exhaust gases, F23G7/06) heading +7 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- F23K FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS (fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus F23C10/22) heading +6 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- F23L SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ( firebridges with means for feeding air or steam F23M3/04; baffles or shields with air supply passages F23M9/04); VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS ; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES heading +2 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- F23M CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR heading +2 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- F23N REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION (control devices specially adapted for combustion apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles F23C10/28; condition responsive controls for regulating combustion in domestic stoves with open fires for solid fuel F24B1/187) heading +12 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- F23Q IGNITION (devices or installations peculiar to internal-combustion engines F02P; of cigarettes or tobacco A24F; compositions therefor, chemical igniters C06C); EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES heading IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC
- F23R GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS (fluidised bed combustion apparatus specially adapted for operation at superatmospheric pressures F23C10/16) heading +1 CPC IPC+CPC Available in IPC and CPC